茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (三十六) :茶馬古道蒙古哨(中)-中國茶文化國際交流協會

茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (三十六) :茶馬古道蒙古哨(中)

2024-08-23 21:38

<p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px; text-align:center"><img alt="224426_GxVJd9.jpeg" src="https://www.chineseteaculture.hk/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/137739/20240602_225619_KFtARJ.jpeg" style="width: auto;"><br style="width: auto;"> <br> <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box !important; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">（三十六）</span></strong></span><strong style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:17px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; font-size:20px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:justify; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-wrap:wrap; width:auto">茶馬古道蒙古哨(中)</span></span></strong><br> <br> 從蒙古哨沿金沙江往西南不遠是石鼓，再往南是九河。石鼓和九河都是茶馬古道重鎮，也都是宋末元初蒙古大軍和大理國軍大戰過的古戰場。大理國是中國歷史上在西南一帶建立的多民族政權，疆域覆蓋今中國雲南、貴州西南部，以及緬甸、老撾、越南北部部分地區。唐代時，生活在雲南地區的烏蠻與白蠻共同建立起了南詔國，其國主為烏蠻中的蒙姓，但大臣多為精通漢族文化的白蠻貴族。後來南詔被漢族宰相鄭買嗣推翻，政權幾次易手。高氏和段氏都是白蠻中的大族。段氏段思平起兵，同高氏高方素齊心合力平定亂局，成功建立起了大理國。段思平成為大理國的第一任皇帝。高方素一族則都在大理國擔任重臣。宋仁宗年間，大理國內兩次發生叛亂，但都被高氏將軍帶兵平定。高氏繼續擁立段氏做新皇帝。之後大理國一直都是段氏做皇帝，高氏掌實權。段氏段正明做皇帝時曾將皇位禪讓給掌實權的高氏高昇泰，自己出家為僧。但高昇泰又將皇位傳給了段氏後人段正淳(段正明之弟)。高氏則還是在朝中扮演掌實權的相國，當實際上的「高國主」。段正淳是金庸武俠小說《天龍八部》中段譽的養父，刀白鳳的丈夫。高氏在大理國兩百多年的時間里，一直奉段氏為君並恪守基本的君臣禮儀，雖然有當時種種因素使然，但也確實算得上是封建時代的一股清流。難怪著名武俠小說家金庸先生在小說中把高氏的高昇泰塑造為大忠臣形象。大理國全面崇信佛教，段氏皇帝中先後有九人出家為僧。佛系的段氏子孫一心向佛也受到百姓擁護。金庸先生的十四部武俠小說裡面，提得最多的地方是大理。無論是《射雕英雄傳》、《神雕俠侶》，還是《天龍八部》，大理都是故事的發生地之一。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" 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data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="221735_5RN61M.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_Z5PExV.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_HdqKeV.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized swiper-container-thumbs thumbsImg"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="221819_acLdj1.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_hMLQ7D.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_FKnnGf.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="221849_LysFNP.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_R22dF8.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_MJezz4.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="221737_5Jc7Px.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_QuLjZC.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_wBahEz.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-thumb-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="221735_5RN61M.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_Z5PExV.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_222020_HdqKeV.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px">九河(九禾)大戰要比石鼓大戰早9年。九河在今麗江玉龍納西族自治縣西南部，西靠老君山，北鄰金沙江。老君山連綿盤亙數百里，層層疊疊，時起時伏。主峰「金絲玉峰」海拔4515米，被歷代史家稱為雲南「眾山之祖」，因傳說太上老君曾在此煉丹而得名。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="221541_vFG4Rn.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221628_vPaxjh.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221628_mGVbjb.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p>九和(九禾)是白族和納西族混居區。白族語稱「九禾」為「九俄」或「九塢」，白族語「禾」的古音讀如「俄」，今粵語禾也讀如俄。納西語稱「九禾」為「幾我」或「基塢」。「幾」即雲，「我」即地方之意。按納西語的意思是「雲之鄉」。「基」在納西語中為水之意，九河壩歷史上長期被水淹沒。「基塢」是指有水面的地方或河谷。「塢」在漢語中的意思是地勢周邊高中間低窪的地方，又引申為村寨、小城堡。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="220749_cAuSTm.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_KJEhYq.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_PXXwRM.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p>九河的主體民族是白族和納西族，千百年來，兩個民族和睦相處，互相學習，取長補短。兩族歷來相互通婚。在服飾上也融合兩民族文化於一體，形成了富有九河特色的服飾。與麗江的納西服飾和大理的白族服飾相比較，九河婦女服飾可謂取麗江之長補大理之短，亮於麗江而暗於大理，輕於麗江而重於大理，但七星羊皮是少不了的，「璀尕」「太陽杲」等頭飾和手繡的手巾、飄帶等衣飾也賞心悅目，別具一格。而白族男性的服飾，上身着白色對襟衣，外套坎肩，下穿白色或藍色寬褲，頭纏白包頭，肩掛繡花掛包，腳穿黑布剪口鞋，這種裝飾色調明快大方，彰顯白族男性的英俊瀟灑。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="221242_cpHHf3.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_HKd9ju.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_BG7QYz.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p>九河歷史文化豐富多彩，是聞名的工匠之鄉。鄉里村村有工匠，中和、小阿昌等村以木匠為主；高安以燒瓦為主；龍應既有木匠，也有石匠；史家坡是鐵匠；新海邑以縫甑子制馬鞍為主；甸尾坪和乾木禾以燒石灰為主；清江和回龍以砍匠、木匠為主。北高寨幾近家家篾匠、戶戶草編；九河街有酒坊粉坊豆腐坊。九河的木匠一筐斧鑿走天下，到處都有他們的身影，世界文化遺產麗江古城的不少精美建築就是他們的手筆。俄國作家顧彼得在《被遺忘的王國》中評價九河木匠：「從簡陋的鄉村屋舍到宮殿或大寺廟，其手工之精巧一定會得到西方任何建築師的稱贊」。他們中不乏建築大師，近代以來更是群星璀璨。<br> <br style="width: auto;"> 九河最大的白族村叫「龍應」，原稱「奴邑」，「奴」「怒」是白族語「龍」的讀音。九河籍學者認為「龍應」是「隴邑」之意，有紀念九河白族源於甘肅「隴川」的意思。在龍應附近曾有個叫「大阿昌」的地方，現稱「中和」。傳說宋朝時期有納西人「阿昌」兩兄弟從拉市遷來，在童山腳居住，老大居南，稱「大阿昌」，老二居北，稱「小阿昌」。現在中和行政村所在的木瓜河村，是一個近千人的大村子。據稱此地因多木瓜樹而得名。木瓜河從西向東流淌。深藏在九河西南角的回龍村也是個山青水秀的白族老寨，有2θ0多戶人家。回龍村白族語叫「泊布」，因有水泊得名，「泊」是漢語白讀，既指水泊，又指泊水，還有停泊之意，「布」是北，意即希望龍王停泊於此或再往北邊游去，不要往南而下，是希望留住九河的好風水。因此回龍水潭的龍王廟，比別處更有名，以前四鄰村人常前去跪拜敬奉。九河最末尾的乾木河村，白族話叫「嘎摸禾」，「嘎摸」是匯合，是「兩河三村交匯地」的意思。兩河即由老君山來的河源水和由白漢場來的九河水，這兩條河就是黑惠江的源頭水。三村就是河東，河西（河南村河北村）、乾木河三村。九河在納西族地區處於十分重要的地位，是東西部納西族區域連接的地帶和南接大理的邊界。有說九河的「河」是從「禾」或「和」字演變而來，說明和姓(納西族)是此地的開拓者，最早的居住者之一。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p> <p>九河是一個南北向狹長谷地，遠古時代曾經是金沙江的古河道。後來滄海桑田，江河改道，形成東西兩側稍高，中間為黑惠江源頭段的川谷。白漢場為九河谷地的最高點和起始點。白漢場也稱白鶴場，在當時九禾的最北邊。白漢場，納西語意為「野鴨棲息處」或「野鴨湖」。從地形特點分析，此地為黑惠江源頭段，白漢場為山谷低窪處，幾股水流匯集到這裡形成湖泊，湖泊往南就是九河川谷濕地，在古代，候鳥遷徙季有野鴨或鶴類棲息。黑惠江從白漢場水庫往南流淌，到關上村附近，西面一座小山，山上建有一座觀音廟。這小山雖然不高（約50多米高），但陡峭峻拔，突然擋住河谷一半，使這裡成為整個九河谷地的最窄處，谷口寬度不到50米，形成天然關隘。這就是歷史上的「九河關」。乾隆《麗江府志》稱：「九河關，在城西南八十里，由劍川出中甸、維西要道，設有守兵，知府楊馝建有牌坊，題額曰：道通百蠻」。九河關是清朝才設的，是麗江地區六大關之一，要防範的是北方來的人。清初的九河關就在九河川谷靠北部的關上村。清初的「康熙徵藏」，是往北邊走，麗江木氏曾帶兵參戰。關上村是白漢場北面的一老村落，古時稱「班柵邑」。「柵」，跟隘口有關，此地是個天設地造的隘口。關上村西側樹林即九河關西側高地。當地納西人稱這裡為「岡羅」（納西語意思為威嚴之谷），旁邊有一個「博羅」(郵驛)。白漢場往南的關上村是老村落，古時稱「班柵邑」。「柵」，跟隘口有關，此地是個天設地造的隘口。關上村西側樹林即九河關西側高地。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="221048_y8fTV6.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_19EyNJ.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_EqP9es.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p>真正九河核心區在谷地中部靠東邊的高寨一帶。這一片東西寬約1000多米，南北長約2000多米，是數萬年前形成的沖積扇高地，靠山臨谷，俯視整個谷地。高寨所盤踞的高地在谷地中部，背倚東山，是一個進可攻，退可守的制高點。高寨對面（谷地西邊）是九河最密集的一片村落，南起龍應，北至小阿昌，中間是寬闊的濕地（1949年後修建九河大溝，把彎曲的河流拉直，開墾出九河最富饒的稻田）。白漢場海拔高2403米，往北10多公里為雄古谷地（現屬九河鄉中古行政村），延伸到金沙江，江邊一段屬玉龍縣龍蟠鄉地界；從白漢場往南一直到甸尾坪，呈下坡狀，至乾木河，兩山夾束，僅留水口，為歷史上麗江與劍川的交界處，此段川谷長約18公里，出乾木河就屬劍川縣地界。九河是鶴慶劍川進入麗江的第一站。九河地界是麗江城的重要前哨和關口，元、明、清史料書中有多處關於九河關、哨、鋪、汛、塘的記載。這裡南與大理州劍川交界，往南便可進入大理和昆明，通往中國內地和東南亞，可以稱得上麗江的南大門；北與石鼓、龍蟠毗鄰，往北通往香格里拉與西藏，是滇藏茶馬古道的要隘。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="220905_R6D8eH.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_zZeQmH.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/20240823_221441_J1VatB.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p>九河處在南來北往的交通要道上，深受各種文化的影響，形成多元宗教、多種崇拜並存共融、各行其道、相安無事、信而不篤的形態，這也是麗江宗教文化的縮影。九河民間普遍信奉東巴教等原始宗教，但對藏傳密宗、本主崇拜、道教等的信奉也較為突出。在九河，每個自然村寨都建有不同類型的廟宇，同時普遍有魁星閣、祭天場等等。其中的白王廟歷史最為悠久，可追溯到白王塔建塔的年代。白王塔的來歷，就源自著名的九河(九禾)之戰，是雲南歷史上一重要的標誌性事件。<br> <br style="width: auto;"> 南宋末年，元太祖成吉思汗（鐵木真)，先攻滅金朝、西遼和西夏，統一中國北方後又西徵中亞和歐洲，創建了龐大的蒙古帝國。但他攻佔宋朝長江以北地區後，長江天險成了蒙古大軍南下滅宋的最大障礙。成吉思汗為謀取中原，大膽制定了一出奇制勝的戰略——「斡腹之舉」，就是先出奇兵滅西南的大理，然後再由大理對南宋腹地發動攻擊，南北夾擊，一舉而滅南宋。而實現這一戰略的關鍵是渡過麗江的金沙江天險。蒙古大軍首次南徵大理是在成吉思汗駕崩後的1244年。成吉思汗第三子窩闊台繼位蒙古國第二代大汗(即元太宗)後，調集20萬大軍由川西過大渡河，從今麗江塔城一帶過金沙江直撲大理。大理國主段興祥派大將高禾在九河(九禾)一帶與元軍展開激戰。高禾，又叫高和、高泰和，白族，是當時大理國重臣，大理國三朝相國(宰相)高泰祥之弟。經過長途奔襲和攻城拔寨，蒙古騎兵到達九河時僅剩2萬余人。因此戰事關大理國的存亡，高禾臨危受命，率領大理王室的3000禁衛軍和沿途動員的大批民族武裝，同蒙古騎兵在九河山地間展開了殊死肉博。當年高禾的指揮部和精銳部隊就駐紮在高寨附近高地上，居高臨下，殊死抵抗，最後戰死。高寨就是高禾軍隊曾駐紮過的高地，後來村落擴大，現分為南、北兩個高寨。雙方都損失慘重。大理國大將高禾和多名貴族戰死。蒙古軍也因窩闊台汗突然逝世而北撤，無功而返。</p> <p>大理國大將高禾陣亡後，大理國謚高禾為白王。戰後大理國主派人到九禾為陣亡將士收屍火葬，並在今九河小阿昌村南的童山上(今稱塔古)建塔紀念此戰陣亡將士。此塔稱高禾塔，當地人又叫白王塔，南宋朝廷曾派專使前來祭奠憑吊。當時不僅建了塔，而且在小阿昌村和杜吾村之間建了白王城，塔與城相望。後來小阿昌被稱「塔北」，因為在童山上建了高禾塔，小阿昌位於塔的北面。九河曾流傳民謠：「遙望白王城，城池一里三。若要白王敗，日要從西出。」白王城在元代後還一直保留，並成為「白王廟」，後又稱為「昌樂廟」，也就是文昌宮。現今九河還有北高寨、南高寨等地名，應與當年高禾駐軍的兵寨有關。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" 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class="swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized swiper-container-thumbs thumbsImg"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px)"> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-active swiper-slide-thumb-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="215940_NSyCDm.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220022_9cGyVK.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220022_s2Nzc0.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="215941_Udm0N8.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220022_qHjHhU.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220022_XpysfN.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="220122_SYUetu.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220426_meaztN.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220426_JcyJ9J.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="215942_uprJce.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220022_PqSs45.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139208/additional/20240823_220022_0XY6sA.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p>白王塔是有記載的麗江第一塔，塔為密檐方磚塔，塔磚上多有漢文和梵文銘文。白王塔毀於何時，文獻史料還找不到準確的記載，但根據古塔廢址狀況和傳說，很可能毀於清乾隆年間的地震中。白王塔雖然被毀，但當年建塔用的磚仍有保留，磚上模印有「追為高逾城和及殉國……」等字樣，說明此塔是專門為「九禾之戰」陣亡將士修築的「超生塔」。白王塔有很高的歷史文化價值，是元朝統一中國的歷史見證，麗江市的重要歷史文化遺跡。因白王塔在雲南歷史上的重要性，1957年我國社會學泰斗費孝通曾親往九河考察。2013年，小阿昌村村民在玉龍縣相關部門支持下重建白王塔(高禾塔)，成為九河茶馬古道的標誌性建築。有些地方的歷史記憶，在正史中寥寥無幾，更多深藏在當地村民的口頭傳說、個人記憶中。在「深描」這一歷史記憶過程中，也是地方文化歷史記憶碎片的重新整合，有些碎片可能無法完整，但作為文明碎片，依然閃耀着歷史的光芒，這是令人憂傷而又欣慰的文明之光，畢竟人民還是給我們留住了這樣一抹光線。<br> <br> <span style="background-color:#ff4c00; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ffffff; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">&nbsp;專欄作者簡介</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto;"> <span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">張</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">國良先生是第十、十一屆全國政協委員；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">中國茶文化國際交流協會執行會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港新聞工作者聯會會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港作家聯會監事長；</span><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; outline:0px; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">雲南普洱茶十大傑出人物。</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">曾任香港文匯報董事長、社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社秘書長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社總</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">編輯及新</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">華社亞太總分社社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社改名為中央政府駐港聯絡辦後，曾兼任新華社香港特別行政區分社社長 </span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>