茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (三十八) :神奇石鼓說茶馬-中國茶文化國際交流協會

茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (三十八) :神奇石鼓說茶馬

2024-09-26 19:10

<p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px"><img alt="224426_GxVJd9.jpeg" src="https://www.chineseteaculture.hk/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/137739/20240602_225619_KFtARJ.jpeg" style="width: auto;"></p> <p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px; text-align:center"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box !important; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">（三十八）</span></strong></span><strong style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:17px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; font-size:20px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:justify; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-wrap:wrap; width:auto">神奇石鼓說茶馬</span></span></strong></p> <p style="width:auto">從蒙古哨往西是聞名天下的萬里長江第一灣，第一灣的底部中央是滇藏茶馬古道重鎮石鼓。石鼓鎮在麗江古城以西約60公里的金沙江畔，剛好在萬里長江第一灣的轉角處，背靠青山，面朝金江。</p> <p style="width:auto">從青藏高原奔騰南下的金沙江、瀾滄江、怒江三大江河，一起穿流於橫斷山脈的高山峽谷之中，在南北走向的雲嶺、怒山、高黎貢山三大山脈的夾持之下，在滇西北境內形成了「三江並流」的舉世奇觀。金沙江，是長江上游從青海省玉樹縣巴塘河口至四川省宜賓市岷江口一段，全長2308公里。相傳過去沿江一帶的居民曾取沙淘金，所以叫金沙江。據地質資料表明，早在第四紀阿爾卑斯運動前，長江水是沿著橫斷山脈向南奔流的。後因第四紀阿爾卑斯——喜馬拉雅山新構造運動，使石鼓鎮南部抬升為高山。長江(金沙江段)從世界屋脊青藏高原奔騰而下，流出青海，經西藏從德欽縣進入雲南，繼續南流於橫斷山區，到了石鼓鎮和香格里拉沙松碧村之間，因山崖阻擋突然來了100多度的大轉彎，掉頭急轉東北而去，形成一個罕見的巨大「V」形大彎，長達數十公里。這一奇觀被稱為「萬里長江第一灣」。石鼓鎮就在長江第一灣V形底部的一處山崗上。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="202710_9e7aNY.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_203016_eY0DFT.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_203016_c4VT4N.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">萬里長江第一灣</p> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto">關於神奇的長江第一灣的由來，有多個民間傳說。一個故事說：怒江、瀾滄江和金沙江三姐妹結伴出遊，半途發生爭執，大姐、二姐固執地往南走了，金沙姑娘立志要到太陽升起的東方尋找光明和愛情，到石鼓後，告別兩個姐姐，毅然轉身東去。金沙姑娘轉身處，就形成了長江第一灣。另外一個故事則說：不願西嫁的怒江、瀾滄江、金沙江三位姐妹，瞞著父母，偷偷從家裡跑出來。美麗聰明的金沙姑娘邀約兩位姐姐投奔東海而去。父母得知三位姑娘逃跑後，非常生氣，派玉龍(雪山)和哈巴(雪山)兩兄弟擋在她們去東海的路上。怒江和瀾滄江在沙松碧村望見了兩位攔路的哥哥，認為自己敵不過他們，不敢前走，於是改變主意，選擇了南去的路。只有金沙江姑娘，不忘初心，砥礪前行，勇敢沖向兩哥哥的攔阻之地，最終從兩哥哥之間沖了過去，匯入東海。她轉身衝擊的地方，就形成了著名的「長江第一灣」。金沙江姑娘在石鼓的陡然急轉，令長江沒有像瀾滄江和怒江那樣流向國外，而是橫貫中華大地，孕育出了古老的長江流域華夏文明。前人有詩贊曰：「江流到此成逆轉，奔入中原壯大觀。」 &nbsp;「金沙非畫渾如畫，石鼓無聲勝有聲」 。 石鼓真是個有歷史有故事的地方。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_2" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_2"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable" style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;margin:0 -5px;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-slectratio="1,1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0" style="margin:0;width: 50%;padding:0 5px;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="202847_Vx17HZ.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_203016_qzqW8P.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_203016_bGKUFj.jpeg" width="100%"></a></section> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-slectratio="1,1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0" style="margin:0;width: 50%;padding:0 5px;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="202816_3ADFUR.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_203016_Fjuv7f.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_203016_Q7vS39.jpeg" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">神奇的長沙第一灣有多個民間傳說</p> </section> </section> <p>石鼓鎮位於麗江古城西部，距麗江古城約50公里，屬麗江市玉龍納西族自治縣，東鄰九河、龍蟠，北隔金沙江與香格里拉相望，是歷代兵家必爭的戰略要地。此地為古代滇藏交通要衝，通往康藏的咽喉，也是著名的滇、川、藏茶馬古道重鎮，南下大理、北進藏區的交通樞紐，是老君山的中轉站和進入「三江並流」世界自然遺產的南大門。元代以前這條古道稱「吐蕃道」，明清兩代，「吐蕃道」南段由蒼山西麓改至蒼山東麓，古道名稱改稱「滇藏古道」。石鼓鎮的主街，歷史上是茶馬古道上最為繁華的驛站，這裏有數不清的馬店、食館、茶樓、石板路。在石鼓鎮的制高點，有兩塊固定的青石燈杆，守望著滾滾北去的大江。當年來去的馬幫千百馱，看着燈杆上挑的一盞紅燈暖心田。這盞高高挑起的紅燈，如同大海裡的燈塔，天上的北斗，家裏的火塘，心中的女人。<br> <br style="width: auto;"> 石鼓，原來納西族語叫「拉八」。這個名稱，出現於史籍至今，已有近2000年了。「石鼓」這一地名是西元1561年立了石鼓碑後，才以石鼓得名。據學者研究，納西族語中，「拉八」的「拉」是「虎」，「八」是花，虎在納西族歷史上有其特殊意義，是納西民族的崇拜物，是納西民族的圖騰。「拉八」一語，漢語意思是「虎族之花」，是一個包含了民族自豪感和民族凝聚力的名稱。從石鼓鎮溯江而上約3公里,就是一向以險要著稱的石門關，為兵家必爭之地。石門關上依絕壁,下臨大江,有一夫當關,萬夫莫開之勢。相傳石門關是隋朝大將史萬歲征雲南時所開。元明兩朝均在此設立石門關巡檢司，是兵家必爭之地。對麗江和雲南的歷史具有十分重要的意義。元清代亦在此設關駐防。前人曾以「岩關橫絕處，石棧曲盤盤。寒月臨江白，悲笳入夜闌」來詠歎石門關的險峻。石鼓民間也用諺語生動地形容石門關的戰略要義：「石門對石鼓，金銀萬萬廡，有人猜得出，買下麗江府。」</p> <p style="width:auto">石鼓鎮上的「石鼓」是一面漢白玉雕的鼓狀石碑，在金沙江流轉角處的小山崗上。山崗下面就是石鼓港。崗上有石鼓亭，亭中就是使石鼓鎮得名的石鼓碑碣。石鼓直徑1.5米，厚0.7米。據說這石鼓是麗江所發現的年代最早的一塊石鼓。石鼓的側面有條裂縫，傳說這裂縫會隨著天氣的變化或其他因素的變化或開或合。民間都說「亂世石縫開，盛世石縫合」。世事動亂，鼓自裂開，太平安定，鼓又自己閉合。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="204737_a3tjex.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_205118_tVQa0h.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_205118_FjJSPu.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"><em style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); display:inline !important; float:none; font-family:&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;,Roboto,&quot;Noto Sans TC&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans SC&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,arial,微软正黑体,&quot;PingFang TC&quot;,AdobeMingStd-Light,PMingLiU,MingLiU; font-size:14px; font-style:italic; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; orphans:2; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px">石鼓鎮石鼓</em></p> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto">關於石鼓的來曆，有多種說法。當地納西族有個傳說是，遠古的時候，長江第一灣一帶居住着納西族的禾、梅兩個部落，首領之間你爭我奪，互不服輸，連年發生殘酷的械鬥，人畜傷亡，村寨敗落，冤魂哭喊，大江氾濫，天神目不忍睹，夜裡派神丁變成白髮蒼蒼的老婦人，從玉龍山頂帶着一面能敲響的石鼓，下來調解械鬥，超度冤魂。老婦人走一段路，敲一下鼓，兩個部落的戰士聽到鼓聲，不由自主地停下武器，攜手言和，死者的冤魂也得到安慰，惡浪也平息下去。當她把石鼓背到沖江河邊，歇下來敲了三下，忽然報曉雞叫起來，神丁急急回去，石鼓就永遠留在了那裡。還有一些傳說與諸葛孔明有關。相傳三國時蜀漢丞相諸葛亮南征，曾在石鼓附近渡口「五月渡瀘」(金沙江古稱瀘水)深入不毛之地，平定南中後建石鼓碑以鎮諸夷。還有說石鼓鎮不遠的一座山，就是諸葛亮南征時撒豆成兵的地方。諸葛亮南征時確實渡過了瀘水（金沙江），但據目前的研究認為，諸葛亮是在麗江以東地區渡過金沙江後掉頭向東前往昆明的，應該是沒有來到過石鼓鎮。諸葛亮曾來此的傳說雖不符歷史，確反映了人民對諸葛丞相南征施德政的嚮往。</p> <p style="width:auto">實際上石鼓碑為明朝嘉靖年間麗江第九代土司木高所立，碑上正面刻有木高所作《大功大勝克捷記》及一詩一詞， 背面刻有其父第八代土司木公所作四首詩詞。石鼓碑記詩詞，都是為紀念嘉靖年間麗江兩次抗擊吐蕃入侵大捷而作。碑文清晰可見，《大功大勝克捷記》寫道：「功不著不足以成名，德不顯不足以立身；蓋功忠於君也，德孝於親也。惟忠可以懋功，惟孝可以懋德。貴而能忠，保其世爵；富而能孝，守其世官。四海中外，忠孝大節，卓為天下軌。由於是，福祚光輝，榮華繩繼，世不歇矣！豈不創人之逸志乎？豈不感人之善心乎？」</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="204818_J04fUs.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_205118_cvTz3m.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/20240926_205118_nFrJUV.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">石鼓碑文</p> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto">據記載，吐蕃兩次入侵麗江地區是在嘉靖二十七年（1548年）和二十八年(1549年)，當時的木高還不是土司，奉父命出征抗擊，兩戰大捷。這石鼓碑是在木高繼位土司7年後（嘉靖四十年）才立的。木高是麗江木氏土司中文武雙全的一位，也是位以忠孝立身的人。他在碑記中表示，「木氏世世代代為明國藩籬，一方重鎮，滇南雞犬不驚，軍民安妥，聊有賴歟！以表人子丹心，寢食不忘之意，子子孫孫束此勅賜「誠心報國」起花金帶，世守麗江。巍巍然如北嶽之高，洋洋然如金江之遠。銘石於此，以遺後裔。」</p> <p style="width:auto">碑刻木高詩曰:「誠心報國家，男兒佩寶劍。雙揮風雨忙，獨舞鬼神墊。豪氣邊疆甯，寒光牛鬥掞。石門鎖鑰堅，世作大明坫。」碑文的最後是木高作的一首詞《醉太平》：「品題大勝詩，欣作太平詞。三軍頻論得功時，甚奇甚美。錦衣前後皆華麗，繡袍南北俱和氣，旌旗紅映日初移，凱歌聲百里。」碑刻文字詩詞均有大家風範。麗江木氏土司詩書傳家，崇尚文化禮儀。木高之父木公是木氏家族中集詩詞大成者，一生作有詩詞1400餘首。從元代至清代，木氏22代土司中有6位具有極高的詩詞素養，這就是被後人稱之為「木氏六公」的 木泰、木公、木高、木青、木增及木靖。</p> <p style="width:auto">在石鼓還流傳著大禹治水與長江第一灣的故事。石鼓鎮地處金沙江與沖江河交匯處。沖江河從石鼓鎮的左側匯入金沙江中。沖江河發源老君山，是玉龍縣西部金沙江最大的一級支流，也是玉龍縣的生命之河。沖江河上建有鐵虹橋。鐵虹橋最初由清代石鼓舉人周蘭坪倡建。橋寬一丈，長五丈，用17米的鐵鍊作梁，上鋪木板，兩側又用鐵鍊作欄，因似長虹臥波，故稱「鐵虹橋」。兩邊橋頭建有門樓，並有「上下天門」、「退還慶倖」兩塊牌匾。門樓雕樑畫棟，飛簷翹角，十分美觀。1933年橋被洪水沖毀，由麗江紳士賴耀彩主持捐資重建。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" 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style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="203921_wRdRVJ.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_204545_B6MNnK.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_204545_WBuevQ.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="203958_T49DpW.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_204545_fCvvhb.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_204545_HVbVeA.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="203958_C4Dncx.jpeg" 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class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p>鐵虹橋橋邊聳立著一尊高約10米的石柱，據說是為紀念治水有功的大禹部下大將，當地人稱為「禹將石」，石柱背後山上傳說還有大禹停船處。相傳遠古時候，金沙江流到石鼓一帶，被山阻擋，沒有出口，江水上漫成災。恰巧大禹治水來到這裏。他把船停在望江山頂，察看山勢，見東北角有兩座玉龍、哈巴兩座大雪山，就決定從兩山間疏江導水，便派隨身將軍去鑿山。可岩石堅硬，將軍指揮兵丁奮力鑿了三天三夜，仍未開通。為了拯救百姓，將軍用頭撞開岩石，江水始通，百姓轉危為安，但將軍卻變成了無頭石身。大禹為紀念他，做了個頭顱狀的圓石嵌接在石身上。也有傳說鑿山大將勞累過度睡著了。大禹得知後，一怒之下要將他斬首。將軍對自已貽誤大事萬分悔恨，為了贖罪，便把自己的頭顱變成火球撞向雪山，硬是將玉龍雪山和哈巴雪山之間的峭壁撞開了一個通道，浩蕩的金沙江流穿峽而過，將軍則化成了石身。此雖屬傳說，但一位地理學家聲稱，在石鼓一帶有發現「共工之台」及大禹治水遺跡，此說頗引起國內外學者的關注。</p> <p style="width:auto">麗江人談到石鼓鎮時，對「萬里長江第一灣」、石鼓涼粉、石鼓手工糖之類的印象都不陌生。其實，石鼓鎮無論自然景觀還是民間文化都遠不止於此。石鼓鎮背靠青山，依山而建，坡勢迭層，錯落有致。石階蜿蜒而上，縱貫小鎮整個小鎮。街道不寬均由青石板鋪成，街邊兩旁店鋪林立。小鎮右側的江灣堤岸上，有一片護堤柳林。秘境神韻的長江第一灣「金沙江」，猶如一條輕絲拂動的綢帶，在青色的群山間飄然而下。江邊柳林如帶，棵棵筆直挺拔，樹冠茂密似蓋，樹下江灘，顯得分外涼爽，是當年渡江紅軍的宿營地。墨綠色的護堤林和碧綠的稻田為她鑲上兩條深淡相間的花邊，更增添了她的魅力。石鼓所在的長江第一灣不僅是滇西北的重要風景名勝區，而且還是連結虎跳峽、老君山、梅裡雪山等景區的樞紐。石鼓西行可達被譽為「滇西北眾山之祖」的老君山，是進入「三江並流」世界自然遺產的南大門，東至虎跳峽僅45公里。石鼓本地不僅人文薈萃，而且風光秀麗，物產豐富，素有高原「小江南」之譽。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-notaddwidget="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_5"> <div class="galleryImg swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(-1420px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide" data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="203415_RJE5uw.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_ZYGDA4.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_bYaQpr.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">有高原「小江南」之譽的石鼓</p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-prev" data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="203357_UdQpuX.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_b6SjN9.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_hBwuah.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">石鼓鎮佈局錯落有致</p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-active" data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="203429_uPxsx6.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_PmfbXX.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_LVMGGN.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">石鼓風光</p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next" data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="203444_3vTG9T.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_FHZuXY.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_RBhvnm.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">石鼓鎮風光秀麗</p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized swiper-container-thumbs thumbsImg"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="203415_RJE5uw.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_ZYGDA4.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_bYaQpr.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="203357_UdQpuX.jpeg" 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data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_FHZuXY.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_203550_RBhvnm.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto">石鼓鎮不僅以古戰場引人遐想，而且以農村集市馳名於滇西北。由於石鼓過去是茶馬古道上重要的商賈聚集地，這裏的居民，大多亦農亦商。石鼓鎮歷來是藏區與漢族地區交易的重鎮，藏民把皮毛和中草藥帶來這裏出售，又買回茶葉、鹽巴、布匹等日用品。每月逢三、逢六、逢九為石鼓街天(集市)。據有關介紹，石鼓街天有其特殊含義，即用神秘讖緯之言，以「三」為才，「六」為陰為偶，「九」為陽為奇。以一月來分配，街期之間間距平均，大概更考慮到周圍農村居民的實況。每當街天，沿江兩岸的納西族、藏族、傈僳族、普米族和白族等各民族群眾，熙熙攘攘，扶老攜幼，前來趕街，山貨藥材，豬雞牲口，各種農副產品，堆滿了街頭巷尾。四方彙聚並在這裏繁衍生息的各民族文化相互融合，趕街文化豐富多釆，隨處都有載歌載舞，熱鬧非凡。石鼓的農副產品加工業及手工業也遠近聞名。石鼓還盛產滑石、花崗石，在元代就有史籍記載，現今已得到大量開發，遠銷各地。</p> <p style="width:auto">石鼓最重要的戰略地帶是金沙江沿江渡口，歷史上幾次重大的廝殺也是發生在這一帶的金沙江渡口。石鼓這一帶金沙江江面寬闊,水勢緩和,適於擺渡，北上可經中甸(香格里拉)進川藏,南下可經大理前往滇南，以及東南亞、南亞，因而歷來為兵家必爭之地。諸葛亮南征在此「五月渡瀘」只是傳聞，但紅軍北上抗日在此激戰搶渡卻是真實不虛。1935年中央紅軍長征到達陝北,取得大規模戰略轉移的決定性勝利後,紅軍第二方面軍二、六軍團在賀龍、任弼時、蕭克、關向應、王震等率領下,主動退出湘鄂川根據地。1936年3月30日於轉戰雲貴途中,奉朱德總司電令「北渡金沙江,北上抗日」。4月25日，由賀龍、任弼時率領的二軍團右路軍,經麗江古城抵達石鼓。26日由蕭克、王震率領的六軍團左路軍取捷徑從麗江九河直達石鼓。26日開始,紅二方面軍一萬八千將士，便分別從石鼓到巨甸一百二十華里江岸的木瓜寨等五個主要渡口，晝夜不停地搶渡金沙江。其中的木瓜寨渡口，屬石鼓鎮大同村，歷來為麗江境內重要的軍事要地，境內有著名的古軍事關口—石門關。「木瓜」為納西語，意為軍事首領。在渡口搶渡的同時，許多紅軍部隊在當地群眾幫助下快速通過了石鼓鎮西邊的鐵虹橋。鐵虹橋是連通南北的交通要道，也是茶馬古道的必經之地。當時鐵虹橋正處於修復之中，當地的鄉長趙慎威得知紅軍要經過的消息後，組織當地群眾及時做了一些便道的措施。他親自動員附近百姓，想辦法捐出一些木料、木板等，並把橋上斷了的鐵鍊修復，在橋的底部用圓木支撐加固，讓紅軍隊伍安全地過了鐵虹橋(新中國成立後當地把鐵虹橋稱為「紅軍橋」)。28日全軍勝利渡過金沙江,浩浩蕩蕩取道中甸北上抗日。為了紀念這一具有偉大歷史意義的壯舉,1977年8月1日雲南省人民政府在石鼓鎮街尾臨江鐵虹橋旁的臨江坡頭,建立了紅軍渡口紀念碑。碑為方形鋼筋混凝土結構,四圍嵌精磨大理石。正面集毛澤東手跡,陰刻「中國工農紅軍第二方面軍長征渡江紀念碑」。基座正面摹刻毛澤東《長征》詩手跡。基座置不銹鋼欄杆,有望柱。從江岸沖江河鐵虹橋前拾級而上,有151級臺階,碑基座東、西方各有八級石階可達其上。碑頂置陶質紅五星,高1米。碑通高8.1米(寓建軍紀念日)，立於突兀的高坡上，俯臨萬里長江第一灣，莊嚴肅穆，氣勢雄偉，令人頓生崇敬。</p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-notaddwidget="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_5"> <div class="galleryImg swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(-710px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-prev" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="201931_BRnTDu.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_ZMsmc0.jpeg" 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class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="201931_BRnTDu.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_ZMsmc0.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_Jb62r9.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next swiper-slide-thumb-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="201949_tQvyAc.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_AdWDtG.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_JYxbR3.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="202007_HTEGuE.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_Up41Hz.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_1wBwvG.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="202045_uyndZp.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_aEYmrK.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139732/additional/20240926_202416_TQ0T6D.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto">當然，發生在石鼓一帶渡口的最大歷史事件，肯定是1253年忽必烈大軍在此革囊渡江，進入麗江，攻滅大理的「元跨革囊」。連昆明滇池邊大觀樓的長聯對「元跨革囊」都有記載。忽必烈佔領石鼓後將此地改名羅婆城，並在此設「麗江路軍民總管府」，據說自此才有「麗江」之名(金沙江古稱麗水)。</p> <p><span style="background-color:#ff4c00; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ffffff; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">&nbsp;專欄作者簡介</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto;"> <span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">張</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">國良先生是第十、十一屆全國政協委員；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">中國茶文化國際交流協會執行會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港新聞工作者聯會會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港作家聯會監事長；</span><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; outline:0px; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">雲南普洱茶十大傑出人物。</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">曾任香港文匯報董事長、社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社秘書長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社總</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">編輯及新</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">華社亞太總分社社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社改名為中央政府駐港聯絡辦後，曾兼任新華社香港特別行政區分社社長 </span>。</p>