茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (三十九） :忽必烈「元跨革囊」-中國茶文化國際交流協會

茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (三十九） :忽必烈「元跨革囊」

2024-10-12 08:06

<p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px"><img alt="224426_GxVJd9.jpeg" src="https://www.chineseteaculture.hk/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/137739/20240602_225619_KFtARJ.jpeg" style="width: auto;"></p> <p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px; text-align:center"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box !important; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">（三十九）</span></strong></span><strong style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:17px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; font-size:20px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:justify; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-wrap:wrap; width:auto">忽必烈「元跨革囊」</span></span></strong></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">當然，</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">在石鼓一帶革囊渡江的只是忽必烈的西路軍。忽必烈大軍大規模革囊渡江是在麗江古城東北的寧蒗永寧和玉龍奉科一線的金沙江段。金沙江從西到東貫穿今麗江市一區四縣，總長</span><span style="width:auto">615</span><span style="width:auto">公里，佔到長江總長的近</span><span style="width:auto">1/10</span><span style="width:auto">。在麗江西部的石鼓一帶，金沙江轉了個大彎，形成世界聞名的長江第一彎。流到麗江東部的奉科一帶，金沙江又在崇山峻嶺中完成了第二次壯麗大轉彎。忽必烈就在這長江第二彎出演了一場歷史大戲。據有關考證，當年忽必烈中路大軍搶渡金沙江的中心渡口，就是今麗江寧蒗縣拉伯鄉的拉卡喜里</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">金沙江東岸</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">至對岸玉龍縣奉科鎮的古空美渡口</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">金沙江西岸</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">。民間相傳古空美村頭還有忽必烈渡江指揮台遺址。而從奉科鎮往西至玉龍縣寶山鄉的十多公里金沙江沿線，是忽必烈中路軍兵分數路渡江的江段。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="083412_4TrrjQ.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_1MJH4y.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_tVGLLu.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">當年的拉卡喜里-古空美渡口</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">忽必烈是成吉思汗幼子托雷的第四子，蒙古國的末代可汗，同時也是元朝的開國皇帝，史稱元世祖。他在九河(</span><span style="width:auto">九禾</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">大戰</span><span style="width:auto">(1244</span><span style="width:auto">年</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">九年之後，奉他大哥、蒙古帝國第四任大汗蒙哥</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">元憲宗</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">之命，率領大軍第三次南徵雲南大理國。在此之前的公元</span><span style="width:auto">1247</span><span style="width:auto">年，蒙古軍隊曾第二次南下意圖偷襲大理國，但受到四川宋軍的阻擊，未能到達大理國境。當時蒙古大軍雖然在江淮一線早已飲馬長江，但就是攻不過長江，在四川又被遍布全川的南宋方山城堡防禦體系所阻擋。不幸的是，此後大理國與南宋未能竭誠合作，達成聯合防衛。有史料稱，大理國在九禾戰役後就希望與南宋共議禦敵之策，但南宋自顧不暇，只求自保。大理國只好把防線收縮到金沙江一帶。但也有學者認為，是大理國方面對來自北方的威脅不夠警惕，軍事上沒有進行積極的布防，外交上也沒有與周邊，特別是沒有與大渡河以南的各部族進行聯絡，更沒有與南宋方面聯合抗擊蒙古軍隊的意圖與行動。</span><span style="width:auto"> <span style="width:auto">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">為實現祖父成吉思汗的宏圖大業，忽必烈以天大的氣魄與精深的謀略，在金沙江邊開始了一場豪賭。他實施的總體戰略部署就是成吉思汗在世時就已初步形成的「斡腹之謀」，即假道吐蕃和偷越川西高寒地帶，南下大理，繼而北上夾擊四川，東出佔領貴州，實現自西南方對南宋的戰略包圍，進而直搗南宋腹地。他選擇了一條謎一般的進軍路線，歷史巳證明是一條出奇制勝的路線。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="084525_GS494N.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_qUSEJy.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_Casjnx.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">忽必烈率軍出征</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">1252年</span><span style="width:auto">9</span><span style="width:auto">月，忽必烈率領</span><span style="width:auto">10</span><span style="width:auto">萬鐵騎從蒙古高原出發。大軍於當年</span><span style="width:auto">12</span><span style="width:auto">月乘冬季封凍越過黃河，進入河湟之地。第二年春天經過鹽夏，出蕭關，進駐六盤山，抵達甘肅南部的臨洮，後在吐蕃薩迦派首領八思巴的協助下順利進入川西松藩地區。那時蒙古已征服吐蕃的烏思藏地區</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">今西藏地區</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">。據有關考證，忽必烈大軍於</span><span style="width:auto">1253</span><span style="width:auto">年農歷</span><span style="width:auto">9</span><span style="width:auto">月</span><span style="width:auto">26</span><span style="width:auto">日到達四川雅安西部地區的忒剌。為增加取勝的概率，忽必烈在這裡將大軍分為東、西、中三路，以圖對大理國形成鉗形攻勢。忽必烈親率的中路軍，先到達滿陀城</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">今四川瀘定</span><span style="width:auto">)。由於當時四川中南部大部分地區仍被南宋控制，中路軍只能取道吐蕃控制區東部與南宋沿邊州縣的大渡河河谷地帶行軍。為加快行軍，蒙古軍丟下糧草輜重，輕裝渡過大渡河，再由大渡河而南，沿河谷南下，在高山峽谷無人區之中，急行軍二千餘里，由今四川甘孜藏族自治州的九龍縣進入四川涼山州木里藏族自治縣。忽必烈中路軍所經過的「山谷二千餘里」，是一條古代兵家未曾涉足的高寒地區，雪山連綿、峽谷崎嶇、渺無人煙。自然境遇比三國曹魏名將鄧艾偷渡陰平更為嚴酷惡劣。進入四川與雲南交界地帶，「稠林夾路」，行進更是艱難，山徑盤屈，只能「彪騎單行，捨騎徒步」。連忽必烈這個體格健碩的彪形大漢，也時常被部將輪流背著前行。<span style="width:auto">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">九龍縣位於四川省甘孜藏族自治州東南部，地處青藏高原與四川盆地的結合部，是古時的藏彝走廊。木里縣在川滇交界，原為納西族祖居地。蒙古軍隊來自大漠，在川滇藏交界的崇山峻嶺和茂密叢林中行軍，傷亡慘重，大量掉隊。掉隊人馬走失，散落至現雲南麗江永勝縣、楚雄州姚安縣和玉溪通海縣境內，後留居當地村落里。他們的後裔至今生活在這些村落，大多已融入當地各民族，也有一些依然保留了蒙古族的文化特徵。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">忽必烈中路軍從木里、鹽源一帶西向，抵達金沙江東岸的答藍</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">現麗江市東北部的寧蒗縣永寧鎮</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">。當地納西族首領和字出降，為蒙古軍引路。川滇交界處的寧蒗縣地處滇西北橫斷山脈中部，山脈多為南北走向，金沙江縱貫南北。地勢北部和西部較高，東部和東北部較低，海拔由</span><span style="width:auto">1350</span><span style="width:auto">米到最高點的</span><span style="width:auto">4510.3</span><span style="width:auto">米，高差</span><span style="width:auto">3160.3</span><span style="width:auto">米。永寧古名樓頭賧，曾經是茶馬古道貿易時期比較繁榮的集鎮。永寧與四川鹽源的瀘沽湖鎮隔湖相望。此地平疇百里，物產豐饒，是川西南與滇西北之間的一處難得的溫柔之鄉。歷史上的茶馬文化一直影響到現在。永寧每年有一次騾馬物資交流大會，附近的納西族、摩梭人、漢族、普米族、彝族、藏族等都來參加騾馬盛會。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">忽必烈中路軍在永寧鎮的日月和屯兵休整了近一個月。當時的永寧盆地地勢封閉，蒙古軍就駐紮在日月和的一大片草地上。當年忽必烈護衛隊八旗駐紮的村至今還叫「八旗村」。在駐紮期間，忽必烈還命部隊為當地一條重要河道修了一座橋，命名為開基橋，橋跨過的河命名開基河，附近的村子命名開基村，其寓意是蒙古人在這裡開基立業。為紀念駐軍的地方，忽必烈稱帝後將這裡改稱永寧，意謂永遠和平安寧。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">在忽必烈中路軍駐永寧備戰期間，蒙古諸王抄合等率領的東路軍，沿著岷江道一路南下，進抵南宋控制的黎州（今四川漢源），南下大理國北部重鎮會川（今四川會理）。大理國在金沙江以北設有建昌、會川兩府，兩府的東蠻部族雖受大理國管轄，但同時常常依附於宋王朝的黎州。在這一帶駐守的南宋軍對蒙軍沒有任何阻擋，讓東路軍暢通無阻地通過了南宋四川防區。抄合在佔領了大理會川城後，就揮師西向，尾隨忽必烈的中路軍向三賧</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">麗江壩子</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">進發。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">而由蒙古開國功臣速不台的長子兀良合台率領的西路軍，則從靠近西藏的草原道繞道南下，順利橫穿甘松高原到達四川阿壩，從那裡沿草原大道進入吐蕃境內，直接南下大理國的西北防線。這條路線是之前蒙軍南徵大理已走過的熟路，沿途雖然海拔很高，但高原地勢平坦，草場廣闊，利於騎兵行軍，因而西路軍非常迅速進抵大理國地界</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">今迪慶州香格里拉一帶</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">。由於忽必烈親率的中路軍以及與之配合的東路軍的行動吸引了大理國決策者的注意，大理國軍隊主力大都被派駐東北部防線。故西路軍一路勢如破竹，沿途納西族頭人望風歸順，並甘願充當響導。西路軍在當地部族引領下，悄然從小中甸上江鄉木科灣用革囊渡過金沙江。先搶佔大理國西北戰略要地塔城地區，隨後又很快佔領了巨甸，往南攻打大理國軍事要塞石門關和「半空和寨」。經激戰七天七夜，西路軍攻破「半空和寨」，擊潰大理國精銳部隊。駐守麗江壩的納西族首領阿宗阿良</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">後來麗江木氏土司家族祖先</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">見大勢巳去，為保存實力，親自到石鼓向兀良合台蒙古大軍迎降。西路軍輕而易舉佔據麗江壩，進逼大理國首都大門龍首關。西路軍的神速，完全出乎大理國當局預料。在金沙江東北部防守的大理國軍主力倉皇撤回大理國都，為忽必烈中路軍大規模一舉渡過金沙江大開了方便之門。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">養精蓄銳後的忽必烈大軍，在當地納西族頭人的支持配合下，從永寧西南方向一鼓作氣翻越海拔</span><span style="width:auto">3600</span><span style="width:auto">多米的氂牛山、瓦哈山</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">大藥山），經過海拔</span><span style="width:auto">3300</span><span style="width:auto">米的瓦哈山嘎瓦埡口下山，下到金沙江邊的拉卡喜里河谷。當地稱此地為卞頭，海拔僅</span><span style="width:auto">1400</span><span style="width:auto">米，是一處範圍空曠、落差很深的峽谷，與山頂的垂直落差</span><span style="width:auto">1900</span><span style="width:auto">米。山下的金沙江，剛從幾十公裡外的虎跳峽奔湧而來，似乎要在此歇息。江面寬闊，碧波如玉。河谷里有一個寬闊的大緩坡，可以容納很多人馬，因此忽必烈就選在這裡渡江。拉卡喜里河谷已是麗江寧蒗拉伯鄉轄地，拉伯鄉在寧蒗彝族自治縣西北部，地處四川和雲南交界地帶，東面是永寧鎮，南與寧蒗翠玉傈僳族普米族鄉接壤，西面與玉龍納西族自治縣奉科鎮和四川涼山彝族自治州木里縣俄亞鄉隔江相望，北部是四川涼山彝族自治州木里藏族自治縣依吉鄉。拉伯地勢東高西低，呈南北狹長帶狀分布，除金沙江江邊河谷外，還有半山區和部分高寒山區。境內最高峰加澤大山，海拔為4345米；最低點位於拉伯村，海拔1467米。拉伯村在金沙江畔，是摩梭人、納西族的聚居地，各少數民族文化保留較為完整。「拉伯」鄉、「拉伯」村的「拉伯」取於摩梭語「拉開西里」的「拉」和「白亞」的「白」字組合而成，意為村組的意思。「白」字後演變成「伯」字。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">拉卡喜里渡口對面(</span><span style="width:auto">西岸</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">，就是今麗江市玉龍縣奉科鎮的古空美</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">古孔美</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">渡口。奉科鎮隸屬雲南省麗江市玉龍納西族自治縣，地處玉龍納西族自治縣東部最北端，東與麗江寧蒗彝族自治縣拉伯鄉隔金沙江相鄰，南與玉龍縣寶山鄉接壤，西與雲南迪慶州香格里拉縣洛吉鄉隔金沙江相鄰，北與四川省涼山彝族自治州木里藏族自治縣峨亞鄉隔金沙江相望。其西、北、東三面被金沙江環繞，中部是莽莽雪山。地勢中南高，東西北低。地形分為山區、半山區、江邊河谷。境內最高峰美魯郭古，海拔</span><span style="width:auto">4517</span><span style="width:auto">米；最低點營盤村，海拔</span><span style="width:auto">1400</span><span style="width:auto">米。從木里縣俄亞鄉流出來的無量河和從香格里拉市洛吉鄉流出來的洛吉河與金沙江匯合在一起，形成了著名的「三江口」。三江口山巒環繞、高峰壯美、深谷幽靜，地理環境奇特，居住著納西族、藏族、彝族、傈僳族等少數民族。奉科地處三江口，素有「雞鳴三省五縣」之美譽，自古就是川滇藏交通的咽喉之地、「茶馬古道」重鎮。「雞鳴三省五縣」，是指早晨雄雞啼曉，</span><span style="width:auto">3</span><span style="width:auto">個省五亇縣都可以同時聽到。「三省」指雲南省、四川省以及過去的西康省。「五縣」指雲南省玉龍縣、寧蒗縣、香格里拉市，四川省木里縣、稻城縣</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">原屬西康省</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">金沙江在麗江境內的多數江段為高峽陡谷和激流險灘。從麗江西部石鼓回環北上到奉科三江口後，金沙江轉而向南。從奉科北面的三江口直到以南的寶山石頭城，金沙江沿線共有</span><span style="width:auto">9</span><span style="width:auto">個渡口，古空美是最大的一個渡口，也是歷經數百年而不衰的渡口。這不僅因為金沙江在這一帶水流平緩，又無暗礁，渡江最為安全，更是由於奉科是四川木里、鹽源乃至西昌進入納西族地區的必經之地。古空美是個自然村，位於金沙江西岸，納西語意思是涉水渡江的「大渡口」。渡江選擇渡口，水流平和是重要條件。江面寬闊意味著水流流速較低，可近乎直線渡江從而縮短時間。兩岸並無險山夾峙意味著江底少有崩塌的山石，也就少有旋渦暗流，比較安全。而古空美渡口相對符合上述安全條件：對岸寧蒗拉伯鄉的拉卡喜里，沿江一兩公里的河岸是縱深數百米的緩坡，利於大部隊集結和統一指揮，渡江的大批器材也便於在江邊存放週轉；奉科這邊的江岸，雖然山巒起伏連綿，卻不陡不險，即便遭遇阻擊，要攻上山頭佔領制高點也不十分困難。當然，更為重要的是水情。忽必烈中路軍的革囊渡江是從東向西橫渡的。這一帶雖然兩岸高山對峙，河谷深深切割，地勢十分險要，好在渡江時正值冬季</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">旱季</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">，江水下落，江面平緩。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_2" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_2"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable" style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;margin:0 -5px;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-slectratio="1,1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0" style="margin: 0px; width: 50%; padding: 0px 5px; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="083705_t29c3H.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_NfY6L4.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_yFJuJW.jpeg" width="100%"></a></section> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-slectratio="1,1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0" style="margin:0;width: 50%;padding:0 5px;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="083724_aUeuEa.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_xpwsAs.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_98L8Ld.jpeg" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"><span style="width:auto">忽必烈選擇古空美渡口渡江</span></p> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">據說來自大漠的蒙古騎兵都不習水性，故出師之前就有了渡江準備。他們都學習了如何製作北方人渡河慣用的「革囊」。「革囊」就是皮子做的氣囊，一般用羊皮做成。製作的方法是，將羊宰殺後用細管向羊皮中吹氣，使皮肉之間產生氣流，再用力捶打羊皮，使羊皮與羊肉分離。然後割下羊頭與四肢，將羊皮從頭部向下撕拉，羊皮就會完整地剝落下來。只要將頭部、四肢及尾部的孔洞扎緊，就天衣無縫了。船工向皮囊中吹氣，羊皮就膨脹為鼓鼓囊囊的革囊，即可用作漂浮器材。用繩索將多個這樣的革囊綁在縱橫交錯的木、竹架子上，就成了皮筏。若是單人渡江，將一隻革囊捆在身上泅渡，若多人同時渡江，則將若干只革囊拴在扎成十字或井字的木架上，人趴在上面渡江。過去在中國北方，特別是黃河兩岸，普通百姓過河，都是乘革囊而過。尤其是要過水流湍急、不易舟楫的江河，都靠這種「革囊渡江」的方式。我10</span><span style="width:auto">多年前在寧夏中衛也試過乘革囊渡過了濁浪翻滾的黃河。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_7" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_2 widget_img_7"> <section class="membertbody j_sortable" style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;margin:0 -5px;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-slectratio="1,1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin:0;width: 50%;padding:0 5px;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="084305_KW91qr.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_AnpeUu.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_rNq1Ab.jpeg" width="100%"> </a> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">製作革囊</p> </section> </section> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-slectratio="1,1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin:0;width: 50%;padding:0 5px;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="084324_Dx0A7m.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_Mr4Svz.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/20241012_085215_7Qnupn.jpeg" width="100%"> </a> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">革囊渡江</p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">也有傳說是當地納西人給忽必烈獻計用「革囊」來渡江。因為當時的金沙江水位最高，一般的木船無法過江，江邊人就用「革囊」渡江。納西人將革囊稱之為「剌篤」。在納西人的創世紀《崇般圖》中，就有納西遠祖躲進革囊在大洪水中死裡逃生的故事。忽必烈的隊伍到永寧時，當地納西族頭人已經歸順。蒙古軍隊在永寧駐紮就是為了大量收集當地土著居民放養的羊，在當地納西人幫助下製作革囊和竹筏。渡江時元兵身上各綁一革囊，數人為一小組扶著一竹筏，竹筏在繩索的牽引下渡江。忽必烈等將官乘竹筏，竹筏還運載軍械輜重。據《鹽源縣誌》載：「數夷人各跨一囊，以長繩牽之」。至於蒙古大軍的戰馬，據說蒙古馬天生就會游泳，大軍的戰馬都是自巳成群泅渡過江的。據說當年成千上萬蒙古大軍爭相撲入金沙江，江面上囊筏如蟻，江風裡吶喊如雷，江水為之變色！</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-notaddwidget="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_5"> <div class="galleryImg swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(-2130px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="085600_bSd9dw.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_8AZCdy.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_ZHsAem.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"><span style="width:auto">忽必烈革囊渡江江段</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="085601_JurRct.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_5RYMqS.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_pBp6hA.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); 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data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_pBp6hA.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="085601_hV5DHZ.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_1dnhKp.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_HNzLsU.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-thumb-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="085601_JPJf6w.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_CXjKey.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085606_fpfFwu.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">據說忽必烈軍隊順利過江後受到納西族酋長們的歡迎。納西首領阿宗阿良還大擺宴席款待忽必烈等。由於當時食物匱乏，肉食更為緊缺，為使菜餚看起來更豐盛，阿良命人在炒肉中加一些豆腐，配上辣椒、蔥頭、蒜苗合炒。蒙軍將士吃罷，無不叫好，於是這道美食「豆腐炒肉」便流傳至今。現今寧蒗拉伯鄉的拉卡喜里渡口已被命名「革囊渡」渡口。2014年，天塹變通途，在拉卡喜里和對岸的古空美之間修了一座「革囊渡大橋」。從寧蒗縣拉伯橋頭，走過426米長的大橋，就是玉龍縣奉科。2018</span><span style="width:auto">年，奉科鎮政府在古空美渡口立碑，碑文寫道：「巍巍玉龍</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">濤濤金江；元跨革囊</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">赤心可鑒；鐵馬金戈</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">一往無前</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">；華夏一統</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">德音永響」。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-notaddwidget="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_5"> <div class="galleryImg swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-active" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="084853_7EUJZM.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_A4zx25.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_W0HB9F.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">元跨革囊遺址--革囊渡大橋</p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="084853_TswTRt.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_99nLn0.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_VXK0Ey.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"><span style="width:auto">當年革囊渡已建大橋</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="084853_CjBZNv.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_LEX5TL.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_tBVQHp.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"><span style="width:auto">當年革囊渡已建大橋</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="084853_502weS.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_AXCWnB.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_yVK6wK.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; 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data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_W0HB9F.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-next swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="084853_TswTRt.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_99nLn0.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_VXK0Ey.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="084853_CjBZNv.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_LEX5TL.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_tBVQHp.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="084853_502weS.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_AXCWnB.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/139955/additional/20241012_085215_yVK6wK.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英雄。忽必烈革囊渡江是雲南乃至中國歷史進程中的重大事件。清代大儒孫髯翁所撰的昆明大觀樓長聯中，以「漢習樓船、唐標鐵柱、宋揮玉斧、元跨革囊」十六字，勾勒出自漢至元歷時一千四百餘年間雲南歷史重大走向。其中就有忽必烈的「元跨革囊」。「元跨革囊」的最重要貢獻，是為忽必烈平定雲南鋪平了道路，最後結束了唐宋以來南詔、大理國</span><span style="width:auto">500</span><span style="width:auto">多年的地方割據局面和中國從唐末以來的分裂局面，重新形成了中國的大一統。</span><br> <br> <span style="background-color:#ff4c00; color:#ffffff; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px">&nbsp;專欄作者簡介</span><br> <span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">張國良先生是第十、十一屆全國政協委員；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">中國茶文化國際交流協會執行會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港新聞工作者聯會會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港作家聯會監事長；</span><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; outline:0px; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">雲南普洱茶十大傑出人物。</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">曾任香港文匯報董事長、社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社秘書長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社總</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">編輯及新</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">華社亞太總分社社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社改名為中央政府駐港聯絡辦後，曾兼任新華社香港特別行政區分社社長 </span>。</p>