茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (四十） :太子關到石頭城-中國茶文化國際交流協會

茶人專欄｜良心茶遊記 (四十） :太子關到石頭城

2024-11-02 08:26

<p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px"><img alt="224426_GxVJd9.jpeg" src="https://www.chineseteaculture.hk/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/137739/20240602_225619_KFtARJ.jpeg" style="width: auto;"></p> <p style="margin-bottom:27px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:27px; text-align:center"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box !important; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">（四十）</span></strong></span><strong style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px; background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family:mp-quote,-apple-system-font,&quot;system-ui&quot;,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:17px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-variant-ligatures:normal; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; orphans:2; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:left; text-decoration-color:initial; text-decoration-style:initial; text-decoration-thickness:initial; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; width:auto; word-spacing:0px"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#ff6827; font-size:20px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-align:justify; width:auto"><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; letter-spacing:0.578px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; text-wrap:wrap; width:auto">太子關到石頭城</span></span></strong></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">忽必烈大軍革囊渡江成功，標誌大理國西北軍事防禦體系全線崩潰。忽必烈大隊人馬過江後，在離渡口約</span><span style="width:auto">5</span><span style="width:auto">公里的奉聯村安營扎寨，停留休整數十日。奉聯在玉龍雪山腳下的金沙江河谷地帶，氣候宜人、物產豐富。這一帶在歷史上就是納西族遷徙路上的一個重要節點。忽必烈在這裡安營扎寨、休整兵馬，為下一步遠征大理國補充給養、訓練將士。這些歷史的痕跡在現奉科境內尚有諸多遺存。鎮政府所在北面有個村至今仍叫「營盤」村，在營盤村旁邊的馬箭道村有一個圓形山包，據說忽必烈曾在此山包訓練指揮人馬，所以這裡至今稱為「馬箭道」。忽必烈在奉科休整後即揮師順金沙江南下，經寶山、鳴音和大具，直逼納西族控制區的核心三賧</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">今麗江古城，「三賧」是吐蕃王朝時對麗江江灣地區叫的藏語地名</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">。寶山、鳴音和大具都在玉龍雪山北麓的金沙江畔。寶山地勢中間高、東西低。主要分為山地、河谷和溝壑</span><span style="width:auto">3</span><span style="width:auto">類地形，海拔</span><span style="width:auto">1500</span><span style="width:auto">至</span><span style="width:auto">4500</span><span style="width:auto">米之間，最高峰放馬山，海拔</span><span style="width:auto">4500</span><span style="width:auto">米，最低點在江邊，海拔</span><span style="width:auto">1500</span><span style="width:auto">米。寶山在奉科南部，再往南是鳴音和大具，東、西分別與今麗江寧蒗縣和迪慶州香格里拉市隔江相望。鳴音南面和大具東南面就是麗江古城。忽必烈大軍一路十分順利，已幾乎毫無抵抗。經過的最險峻關隘是寶山的太子關和石頭城。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" 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right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">從奉科到太子關沿途風光</p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="swiper-container swiper-container-thumbs thumbsImg"> <div class="swiper-wrapper"> <div class="swiper-slide"><img alt="095043_VfxZpT.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_qhxJdC.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_AEYQ6P.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide"><img alt="094728_cf41EY.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_BLx0VW.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_tNwSjb.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide"><img alt="094543_JhSEMV.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_DXeLc1.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_YBMJFS.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide"><img alt="094811_XEG2BJ.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_rCP49m.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_QHa6b6.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide"><img alt="094545_fbnCt1.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_UmWVyW.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_8hUv2W.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-thumb-active"><img alt="095043_8pP4J2.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_nU76Xa.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_095720_HNc2D8.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">太子關，原名雪山關門。雪山關門危峰高聳，峭壁如削。東面山腳下是濤濤金沙江，西面雪峰連接高寒地帶。往北遙瞻奉科，朝南鳥瞰寶山，是阻隔奉科、寶山兩地交通的一道險要的天然屏障，是歷史上奉科經寶山至麗江的必經之路，也是金沙江畔的一道奇景。太子關是寶山境內的一整座石頭山。這座石頭山直插入南北走向的金沙江中，兩側都是無法攀爬的斷崖面，山壁上橫切，都是懸崖，只有一埡口可通過。古時奉科、寶山兩地百姓往來翻越太子關，從陡峭的山崖上翻過去爬過來，非常危險。當地流傳有民謠：「剌伯太子關，伸手摸著天。鳥飛十八日，人走三個月，猴子爬坡都淌淚。」</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="090830_FX5xXw.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_N4x7aS.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_cyrMVG.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">陡峭太子關</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">關於「太子關」，有一個古老的傳說：美麗的金沙姑娘從青藏高原來到麗江後，被玉龍雪山和哈巴雪山兩兄弟用腳擋住去路，金沙姑娘就在兄弟倆睡著的時候悄悄從他們的腳下繞過去。當金沙姑娘走到太子關旁邊時，一位英俊瀟灑的王子站在她面前，她有些心動，太子也十分動情地望著金沙姑娘唱起情歌。這時，遠在青藏高原的母親請太陽對金沙姑娘說：「這裡不是你生活的地方，一定要放棄一切兒女情長、放棄一切誘惑，前往太陽升起的地方。」金沙姑娘聽後，依依不捨地離開玉龍太子向東流去奔入大海。玉龍國王醒來的時候，金沙姑娘已經遠走高飛了，只見太子痴呆地站在那裡望著遠去的金沙姑娘。玉龍國王一氣之下，拔出寶劍把太子的頭劈下來。如今的太子關就是玉龍國那位沒有頭的太子矗立在金沙江畔。但當地更多傳說「太子關」是因為當年忽必烈經過而得名。忽必烈當年面對滔滔金沙江，率軍穿過天險雪山門關，毫不畏懼，勇猛當先。那時忽必烈是蒙古國王弟、王儲，身份相當於太子。雪山關門因他翻越而改稱太子關，雪山關門東側的峽谷也改稱太子峽。在太子關附近還有一個很大的溶洞，裡面可以容納幾百人，據說，當年忽必烈曾在這裡住過一夜，後來稱為「太子洞」。</span><span style="width:auto">金沙江在麗江境內有兩個奇險的峽口，一個是眾所周知的虎跳峽，另一個便是太子關下的太子峽。由於太子峽以上的金沙江江段地勢較為開闊，來自川西滇北高原的山風，被逼仄的太子峽擠壓後噴發而出。因此，從太子峽口吹出的強勁江風令當地船工談虎色變。眼前金沙江水面，雖然沒有排空大浪和驚心漩渦。然而江底亂石嶙峋，水下暗流洶湧，不要說泅渡，就是經驗豐富的船工駕船也得隨時小心，並且要特別關注江風的風力和風向。從奉科到寶山，走陸路又遠又險，行進路線基本為乾熱河谷，全線上坡為主，坡陡彎急，最高點海拔2500</span><span style="width:auto">米，一面山峰刀削斧砍、懸崖橫切，一面金沙江輾轉騰挪、急流滾滾。橫切路段往下是懸崖，往上是容易落石的岩壁，亂石穿空，谷中怪風呼嘯。這一路有彝族、納西族、普米族、傈僳族等多個少數民族村寨。不管哪個族的村寨，幾乎家家戶戶都養狗，每過一個村寨就必會引起一陣狂吠。村寨與村寨，看起來似乎就在對面，距離不過幾百米，但是沿著山谷、山脊繞過去卻要走上好幾公里。而走水路很近，乘船最快僅需一個多小時。當年忽必烈大軍之所以沒有乘船走金沙江水路去寶山，除了沒有足夠的船隻，更重要的就是因為乘船上溯經太子峽江段，如遇強風，船翻人亡的可能性很大。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_4" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_4" style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;overflow: hidden;"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable" style="width: calc(50% - 5px);margin: -5px 0;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" style="width: 100%;padding:5px 0;margin:0;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="092833_DvMYr7.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_raGPxQ.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_VWYPFv.jpeg" width="100%"> </a></section> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" style="width: 100%;padding:5px 0;margin:0;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="092952_HXKyyN.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_eAcAHz.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_2_3_4.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_Q9E4SH.jpeg" width="100%"> </a></section> </section> <section style="width: calc(50% - 5px);margin:0;padding-left: 0;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="0.7826146133" data-uploadimage="1" style="width: 100%;height:100%;margin:0;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;height: 100%;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="092807_c3RPee.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_Lts39E.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_3_right.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_pPB1s7.jpeg" width="100%"> </a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">太子關風光</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">上世紀60年代，奉科和寶山兩地群眾在太子關東側的峰腰處，人工開鑿了兩個山洞。一個山洞長</span><span style="width:auto">90</span><span style="width:auto">米，另一個長</span><span style="width:auto">60</span><span style="width:auto">米。兩個山洞之間有一東西走向的斷崖面，垂直高於金沙江面約</span><span style="width:auto">1000</span><span style="width:auto">米。斷崖面的峭壁間又開鑿出一條驛道。從此奉科和寶山兩地來往才不用再翻越關門。穿過山洞，金沙江便盡收眼底。第二個山洞下面是老虎嘴，是最難走的一段</span><span style="width:auto">50</span><span style="width:auto">米長的驛道。驛道彷彿是掛在半山腰的斷崖絕壁之上，說不出的驚險。只有經過之後再回頭看，才敢吐出咬緊的舌頭，長長地呼出一口深深憋住的氣。太子關和東面寧蒗的阿祖山隔金沙江對峙，崖壁深深切割，站在洞口，環顧群山，一種神奇與雄壯向腦海襲來。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="092313_bNQaUQ.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_N6FmvC.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_TFyVsB.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">太子關驛道-掛在<span style="width:auto">半山腰的斷崖絕壁的驚險驛道</span></p> </section> </section> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="091347_9vafQM.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_xhKKXh.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_093126_3ctLSx.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">穿行太子關驛道</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">從太子關往南便是寶山石頭城。在太子關看石頭城很近，但走下來就真應了一句俗話：望山跑死馬。實際走路要繞過幾個山谷，有十公里的盤山路。石頭城在太子關背後，位於玉龍雪山東北面的金沙江西岸的峽谷之中。納西語稱為「拉伯魯盤塢」，意為「寶山白石寨」。「剌伯」(拉伯</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">，納西族語意思為「虎出沒之地」。納西族自古就有虎崇拜文化。從地名學和文化傳統上看，納西族地區與虎有關的地名比比皆是，數不勝數，如拉市為虎死之地、石鼓為虎嘯之地、巨甸為逮虎之谷等等。春節（庫市）期間，納西族有在門上貼大地紅虎圖案的習俗（與漢族地區的貼門神相似），寓意平安吉祥如意。《東巴經》中也有一篇經文專門講述了虎的來歷，其中開篇就有「世上最初無賢能，大地紅虎最能幹，世人賢能學自虎，超薦能人以虎來緬懷」的說法。據說寶山白石寨是麗江納西族先祖進入雲南建立的第一個固定聚居點和繼續向南遷移的地點。納西族在這一帶從母系氏族社會轉折到父系氏族社會，因此這裡也是納西族發展史上的一個里程碑，是納西東巴文化和東巴文字的發源地。據有關記載，</span><span style="width:auto">5</span><span style="width:auto">世紀後期，納西</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">麽些</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">酋長驅走原來定居於玉龍雪山下金沙江灣腹地</span><span style="width:auto">(</span><span style="width:auto">今麗江市、迪慶州和四川涼山州</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">的吐蕃勢力</span><span style="width:auto">,</span><span style="width:auto">開始世代生息繁衍於此。直到</span><span style="width:auto">7 </span><span style="width:auto">世紀中期唐高宗時期，納西族葉古年部落才奪取了</span><span style="width:auto"> </span><span style="width:auto">「濮獬蠻」所居住的「三賧」（今麗江壩子），從寶山白石寨搬遷到麗江壩子的白沙岩腳立岩腳寨。從歷史上看，若以從永寧遷來的第一代納西人算起，寶山石頭城距今至少已有</span><span style="width:auto">1300</span><span style="width:auto">多年歷史，比</span><span style="width:auto">800</span><span style="width:auto">年的麗江古城和</span><span style="width:auto">400</span><span style="width:auto">多年的俄亞古寨都要古老，可謂是麗江古城之前的古城。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="095704_De1qD9.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_095720_0nt5DR.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_095720_0yMX1J.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">寶山石頭城</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">據說現石頭城是從元初開鑿的，至今已有700多年的歷史。石頭城建於金沙江峽谷中一塊高出金沙江江面突兀聳立的蘑菇狀巨石上，面臨金沙江，背靠玉龍雪山，以高山大谷為背景，以龍首昂揚的巨石為依託。東面是金沙江，西邊是氂牛嶺，北方是太子關，南面是岩可渡。南西北三面皆是懸崖絕壁，東面陡坡直插金沙江，海拔高差達3000</span><span style="width:auto">米，形成「三山為屏，一面臨江」的險要地勢，是一座有完整防禦體系的石頭城堡。古城僅設東、西兩座城門出入，居民在四周加築了一圈五尺高的石牆，石基較高，使石城更易防禦和掩護，關上城門就頗有「一夫當關，萬夫莫開」的氣勢。石頭城是一座真正的天險之城、天然城池，水系、道路、城門、護牆、房舍、廣場、瞭望塔、烽火台等樣樣俱全，無不讓人嘖嘖稱奇。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-notaddwidget="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_5"> <div class="galleryImg 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style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="101905_xPA5vQ.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_102557_crPzjM.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_102557_FQVARL.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"><span style="width:auto">三山為屏，一面臨江</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide" data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="102201_C47Z4J.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_102557_Tx8HeA.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_102557_BvHyY2.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" style="background:rgba(0,0,0,.5); bottom:0; color:#ffffff; font-size:14px; left:0; min-height:40px; padding:10px; position:absolute; right:0; width:100%"> <p contenteditable="true" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">石頭城群落依石而建</p> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide" data-ratio="1.6" data-uploadimage="1" style="margin-right:10px; width:700px"><img alt="102100_mJJfN7.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_102557_4Nsq0F.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_big.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_102557_eT9R0j.jpeg"> <div class="imgdes swiper-no-swiping" 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role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">石頭城面積僅約0.5平方公里，俗稱「百戶人家一基石」。分內城、外城，城內有兩百多戶人家，多為納西族。石城裡巷道縱橫，宅院相鄰。街巷狹窄，但並不閉塞，也無礙交通，地面不平坦，卻是天然石路。民居屬典型的納西族木楞房和木瓦房，多為兩面廈、騎樓廈等廈樓，注重門樓、外廊、門窗隔扇，梁枋的裝飾。因地勢陡削，石城裡民居群落，全部隨岩就勢，依石而建，上壘土坯牆，鱗次櫛比，青瓦灰牆，層層點染，將古城民居、峽谷大川交融一起，氣勢恢宏，渾然天成。城內有許多依地勢用石頭鑿成的特有景觀。有些民居從牆壁、柱子、楹磉、樓梯等房屋構件，到床鋪、水缸、灶台、桌凳以及畜糟等日用傢具皆就地取材，以原地岩石修琢而成。有的鑿廚中巨石為灶，有的將房中巨石鑿成石床，還有的把庭院中的巨石鑿成水缸。小小城內到處都是石階、石床、石槽、石桌、石凳、石灶、石缸、石櫃</span><span style="width:auto">……</span><span style="width:auto">石具或圓潤光滑，或古樸厚重，堪比現代雕刻藝術品。所製作的很多生活用品可謂巧奪天工，支配和利用自然的科學水平，令人嘆為觀止。</span><span style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">城門是進出石頭城的唯一通道。從石頭城的正門（西門）進，只經過短短二百米，轉眼就來到了東門城樓</span><span style="width:auto">——</span><span style="width:auto">石頭城就是這樣一個奇特的地方，雖然小到極致，卻也可愛到了極致。石頭城外圍狹窄的街巷之中，似乎比麗江古城、束河古鎮更安靜、更古樸，更遺世獨立，與陶淵明筆下《桃花源記》里的「屋舍儼然」「阡陌交通，雞犬相聞」「黃發垂髫，並怡然自樂」「不知有漢，無論魏晉」等描寫很像。對遠道而來的客人而言，很容易便可拾得一份浪跡天涯、回歸自然、醉心田園、怡然自得、物我兩忘、飄飄欲仙的超然心境。從某種程度上講，反而是封閉落後較好地保護保存了石頭古城。</span><span style="width:auto">2006</span><span style="width:auto">年</span><span style="width:auto">5</span><span style="width:auto">月</span><span style="width:auto">25</span><span style="width:auto">日，石頭城已被列入全國重點文物保護單位。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="101422_GCQw2A.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_101549_RMZuGW.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_101549_rSA9ac.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示">石頭城城樓</p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">從石頭城新修的步道（兼為馬道）而下，十多分鐘就來到了金沙江邊。由於多年前下游新建了電站，之前一路橫衝直撞的金沙江到此不再桀驁不馴，反成了安靜祥和、似水柔情的大家閨秀，一派高峽平湖景象，好一幅恬靜、優美、壯闊的山水人文畫卷。但那太子關段的金沙江依然是魔幻風格，完完全全是由大自然創造出來的神跡：雄、奇、險、峻、絕。江面狹窄，兩側壁立萬仞。抬頭仰望，只見清一色光禿禿、完全裸露的高大石灰石岩體上沒有一棵樹，似乎是從頭頂上方幾千米高處垂直落下的幾百座摩天大樓群堆疊而成，令人望而生畏，要驚掉下巴。有時山巔猴群調皮搗蛋，故意滾石落江，令過往船夫膽戰心驚。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_4" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;},{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_4" style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;overflow: hidden;"> <section class="j_sortable ui-sortable" style="width: calc(50% - 5px);margin: -5px 0;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="1.6" data-sortable="1" data-uploadimage="1" style="width: 100%;padding:5px 0;margin:0;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: 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calc(50% - 5px);margin:0;padding-left: 0;"> <section class="sortItem addTools" data-ratio="0.7826146133" data-uploadimage="1" style="width: 100%;height:100%;margin:0;"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;height: 100%;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="100736_aXzn5e.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_101549_Lz2Vqs.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_3_right.png" height="100%" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_101549_z9HqQD.jpeg" width="100%"> </a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">石頭城南面的岩可渡即岩可村。岩可，意為山洞，石門，是一個典型的納西村落，大約有百多戶人家。岩可村完完全全被大山和金沙江天塹包圍，僅有石門一條路通往外界，頗具桃源遺風，村裡民風淳樸。巨大的石門下是一片美麗的綠洲。在山石和江河的世界里，頭頂上方高山巍峨，腳下江河縱橫，天地之間居然有這麼一個麥浪翻滾、桃紅柳綠、瓜果飄香、生機盎然、充滿詩意的地方，與蒼涼、雄渾、壯麗的大自然形成了巨大反差和鮮明對比，相映成趣。岩可村南面的悟母村是麗江市東巴文化傳承基地。近年來，悟母村又以跨國姻緣而聞名。第一對跨國婚姻是悟母村的小伙和吉勝與比利時姑娘溫蒂。他們於2001</span><span style="width:auto">年在從麗江前往虎跳峽徒步旅遊期間認識，經過五年的馬拉松式愛情長跑才有情人終成眷屬，於</span><span style="width:auto">2006</span><span style="width:auto">年</span><span style="width:auto">2</span><span style="width:auto">月</span><span style="width:auto">3</span><span style="width:auto">日回到悟母村成婚，現已有一兒一女，正在悟母這個小山村裡經營著自己的客棧和婚姻。另外一對是悟母村的納西族姑娘李海燕，她畢業於雲南民族大學外國語學院，</span><span style="width:auto">2008</span><span style="width:auto">年與美籍外教湯姆先生喜結連理，成為悟母村第二對跨國家庭。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">寶山石頭城，其名曰城，其實非城，而完全象與自然融為一體的自然村落。石城背後水源清澈，田地膏腴，四周有重疊連綿的梯田，好似被世人遺忘的世外桃源。從東門外向下看，腳底下是層層疊疊的萬頃良田，對面是巍峨壯麗的阿祖山，寬闊的金沙江像一條巨大的綠色彩帶，自太子關上游飄落，一路縱貫南北，蜿蜒南去</span><span style="width:auto">……</span><span style="width:auto">完完全全是山水的世界，而其間的層層梯田和石頭城又恰到好處地成為了點睛之筆，構成了一幅天然的、天人合一的山水人文畫卷，令人贊嘆不已。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">城內的納西族傳統文化和習俗依然保留得比較完整，幾乎完全沒有商業炒作氣息。居民樸素而又熱情，令人感受意想不到的親切和寧靜。城裡也有不少客棧、飯店。進去像個迷宮。城裡交通工具還是靠馬，路上馬糞很多。在石頭城臨江客棧中，不僅能聽到此起彼伏的雞鳴，耳畔還不時會響起「得、得」馬蹄聲和悅耳的鈴鐺聲。這是往外運山貨和出外購買日常用品的馬幫，又披著熹微的晨光出發了。直至現今，地勢偏遠的石頭城仍不通鋪裝公路。極少數家庭雖然擁有三輪汽車或小型貨車，但通往處界那條唯一的機耕道狹窄而崎嶇。所以不少人家仍餵養騾馬作交通工具，並且把這些牲口餵養得體格健壯。與以前有所不同的是，駕馭這些騾馬的多數巳不是「馬夫」，而是「馬婦」，是納西族婦女。不過趕馬幫出遠門，還是納西漢子的事情。在石頭城街上，偶而會遇見馬幫。同趕馬漢子走在一起，彷彿躋身於茶馬古道上踽踽而行的馬幫行列。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_5" data-attr="[{&quot;batch_upload&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;batch_upload_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;.j_img5_batch_upload&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.6&quot;,&quot;slectRatio&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nocrop&quot;:false,&quot;multiple&quot;:true,&quot;is_additional&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;resizeHeight&quot;:&quot;437&quot;}}}]" 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tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="swiper-container swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-initialized swiper-container-thumbs thumbsImg"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" style="transform:translate3d(-355px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration:0ms"> <div class="swiper-slide" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="104356_bFtUxD.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_AbKAYa.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_583FH3.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-prev" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="104136_CWE6Hh.jpeg" 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data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_mR1NvC.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_2HxFrX.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="103545_WUjNWC.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_T31T49.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_mdFx3X.jpeg"></div> <div class="swiper-slide swiper-slide-thumb-active swiper-slide-visible" style="margin-right:10px; width:167.5px"><img alt="103644_mB7Fxt.jpeg" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_tTRhQ4.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_5_small.png?v=1" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/additional/20241102_104448_7J6jh9.jpeg"></div> </div> <div aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Previous slide" class="swiper-button-prev" role="button" tabindex="0">&nbsp;</div> <div aria-disabled="true" aria-label="Next slide" class="swiper-button-disabled swiper-button-next" role="button" tabindex="-1">&nbsp;</div> </div> </section> </section> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">夕陽西下時，在石頭城城門上方的小廣場上抬頭遠眺，雄奇屹立的太子關漸行漸遠；蜿蜒曲折的金沙江如影隨形；高聳入雲的玉龍十三峰氣勢雄偉。呼吸著太子峽幽谷穿梭的勁風，聆聽著金沙江翻滾湧動的濤聲，領略天地浩蕩之氣，倍思此間一幕幕歷史大戲。七百多年過去，往事並不如煙，風景也不止是風景。現在的風景里都刻有過去的歷史和文化，留給今人的是對歷史和人生的反思……</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="103820_UeAWbh.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_104448_Hc5Zat.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_104448_zRL3f7.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">忽必烈革囊渡江後從奉科經太子關駐石頭城，揮師橫掃大理。大理國滅，元朝在此設寶山州，石頭城成為麗江古城的重要邊關。忽必烈以大理為帥府，對雲南實行了20</span><span style="width:auto">年的軍事管制。</span><span style="width:auto">1271</span><span style="width:auto">年，忽必烈建國號為大元，正式即位皇帝，史稱元世祖。</span><span style="width:auto">1274</span><span style="width:auto">年，忽必烈在雲南設立行省，正式將雲南納入中國版圖，並將首府由大理遷至昆明，結束了大理作為雲南首府</span><span style="width:auto">536</span><span style="width:auto">年的歷史。</span><span style="width:auto">1279</span><span style="width:auto">年忽必烈攻滅南宋，平定中原，結束了中國唐以後近</span><span style="width:auto">370</span><span style="width:auto">年的分裂，奠定中國疆域的規模。</span></p> <section contenteditable="false" data-arttype="img_1" data-attr="[{&quot;img_link&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;lnk_wrap&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:[{&quot;val&quot;:&quot;&quot;}]}},{&quot;img_border&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;border_color&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;#dddddd&quot;}},{&quot;image_scale&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;style_wrap&quot;,&quot;val&quot;:&quot;100&quot;}}]" data-insertafter="true" data-readonly="true" style="margin:27px 0;"> <section class="atrWidget widget_img_1 addTools" data-ratio="custom" data-slectratio="1,1.5,1.3333,1.7778,1.6,custom" data-uploadimage="1" data-viewmode="0"> <section class="j_sortable"> <section class="sortItem"><a href="javascript:;" style="display: block;text-align:center;" target="_blank" title=""><img alt="104620_G82zUf.jpeg" class="j_img_border j_border_color j_scale_img" data-bigsrc="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_104734_e872eJ.jpeg" data-default="/resource/img/widgets/article/default/img_1.png" src="/data/uploads/ctciea_AL170_20240312152816_b3c9/images/article_component/140338/20241102_104734_R4VexC.jpeg" style="border: none;" width="100%"></a></section> </section> </section> <section class="desWrap" contenteditable="true" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color:#999;padding-top: 6px;"> <p class="imgdes isplaceholder" placeholder="圖片描述，不輸入則不顯示"></p> </section> </section> <p><span style="width:auto">大理國滅亡後，末代國主段興智歸順，被忽必烈封為「大理總管」，在原大理國地區當維持會長。大理國全面崇信佛教，段氏皇帝中先後有九人出家為僧，佛系的段氏子孫一心向佛，倒也一直頗受到百姓擁護。而大理國三朝相國（宰相）高祥(</span><span style="width:auto">高泰祥</span><span style="width:auto">)</span><span style="width:auto">，面對忽必烈大軍進攻，始終極力主戰，甚殺怒斬蒙古招降使者。高祥兵敗被俘後，寧死不降，被忽必烈斬於大理都城五華樓下。據說行刑當天突然狂風大作，烏雲蔽日，忽必烈認為這是上天對高祥忠心的鑒證，命人厚葬高祥，並讓高家人世代為官。高氏在雲南百姓心中一直被視為保衛家鄉的英雄。</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">忽必烈大軍南徵雲南雖獲大勝，但犧牲也是空前，出師奔襲大理國的</span><span style="width:auto">10</span><span style="width:auto">萬鐵騎，最後僅存</span><span style="width:auto">2</span><span style="width:auto">萬，損失了五分之四。至今，雲南許多地方都還保留有為數眾多的「韃子墳」，據說就是當年蒙古陣亡將士的墓冢。果真是一將功成萬古枯！南宋王朝滅亡時，南宋丞相陸秀夫背著</span><span style="width:auto">8</span><span style="width:auto">歲的小皇帝宋帝趙昺，率南宋十萬軍民在廣東厓山跳進汪洋大海。只落得「厓山之後無中華」的千年一嘆！</span></p> <p style="width:auto"><span style="width:auto">後世學者們評說，元朝的大統一對中國社會和多民族國家成長的歷史都具有巨大的意義。忽必烈革囊渡江、平定雲南，是彪炳千秋、書寫華夏曆史的濃墨重彩的壯舉。有些學者甚至認為如果沒有忽必烈革囊渡江，也許今天中國的版圖就要改寫，麗江和大理很可能成為類似緬甸、泰國一樣的外國，雲南可能就不是中國的一部分了。</span><br> <br> <span style="background-color:#ff4c00; color:#ffffff; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px">&nbsp;專欄作者簡介</span><br> <span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">張國良先生是第十、十一屆全國政協委員；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">中國茶文化國際交流協會執行會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港新聞工作者聯會會長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">香港作家聯會監事長；</span><span style="box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; outline:0px; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">雲南普洱茶十大傑出人物。</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">曾任香港文匯報董事長、社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社秘書長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社總</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">編輯及新</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">華社亞太總分社社長；</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff; box-sizing:border-box !important; color:#222222; font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:15px; letter-spacing:0.544px; margin:0px; max-width:100%; overflow-wrap:break-word !important; padding:0px; width:auto">新華社香港分社改名為中央政府駐港聯絡辦後，曾兼任新華社香港特別行政區分社社長 </span>。</p>